播期对河套地区玉米灌浆进度的影响

旨在为玉米的高产栽培提供理论支撑。采用分期播种法,利用试验数据,建立28个生长模型（方程均通过0.01的极显著检验）,将玉米灌浆期百粒干重、百粒体积随灌浆日数增加的时段分为三阶段,即渐增期、快增期和缓增期。适时播种的玉米吐丝后百粒体积、百粒干重增加进入渐增期,终止日分别为吐丝后的6天和20天,此后进入快速增长期,时间分别为22天和18天;其后到籽粒体积和干重增加进入缓慢增长期。适时播种的玉米百粒干重增加逐渐增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间0~502.4℃·d,增幅0.014 g/℃·d;快速增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间502.4~938.4℃·d,增幅0.049 g/℃·d;缓慢增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间938.4~1355.1℃·d,增幅0.018 g/℃·d。     

土壤风蚀影响因子分布规律研究的最大熵方法

土壤风蚀是一个综合的自然地理过程,包括气候、植被、土壤、地形地貌等多种因子。作为随机变量的风蚀因子,其分布规律直接或间接地影响着风沙的运动规律,一方面导致土壤风蚀程度及方向的变化,另一方面变量之间的非线性相互作用的结果导致风沙流的混沌特性。为此把影响风沙运动规律的各因子作为研究对象,应用最大熵原理与遗传算法相结合的方法,建立了风蚀影响因子概率密度函数模型,采用Matlab语言编制了相应的计算程序,并以阴山北部农牧交错带为例对所建模型的合理性和可行性进行了验证。结果表明,风蚀影响因子的熵概率密度函数不仅合理可行而且具有较高的精度。     

Bacterial community structure and microbial activity in different soils amended with biogas residues and cattle slurry

Anaerobic digestion of organic materials generates residues of differing chemical composition compared to undigested animal manures, which may affect the soil microbial ecosystem differently when used as fertilizers. This study investigated the effects of two biogas residues (BR-A and BR-B) and cattle slurry (CS) applied at rates corresponding to 70 kg NH₄⁺-N ha⁻¹ on bacterial community structure and microbial activity in three soils of different texture (a sandy, a clay and an organic clay soil). 16S rRNA genes were targeted in PCR reactions and bacterial community profiles visualized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. General microbial activity was measured as basal respiration (B-resp), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), specific growth rate (μ_SIR), metabolic quotient (qCO₂) and nitrogen mineralization capacity (NMC). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis visualized shifts in bacterial community structure related to microbial functions. There were significant differences in bacterial community structure after 120 days of incubation (+20 °C at 70% of WHC) between non-amended (control) and amended soils, especially in the sandy soil, where CS caused a more pronounced shift than biogas residues. Terminal-restriction fragment (TRF) 307, the predominant peak in CS-amended sandy soil, was identified as possibly Bacillus or Streptococcus. TRF 226, the dominant peak in organic soil amended with BR-B, was classified as Rhodopseudomonas. B-resp significantly increased and SIR decreased in all amendments to organic soil compared with the control, potentially indicating decreased efficiency of heterotrophic microorganisms to convert organic carbon into microbial biomass. This was also reflected in an elevated qCO₂ in the organic soil. The μ_SIR level was higher in the sandy soil amended with BR-A than with BR-B or CS, indicating a shift toward species capable of rapidly utilizing glucose. NMC was significantly elevated in the clay and organic soils amended with BR-A and BR-B and in the sandy soil amended with BR-B and CS. Thus, biogas residues and cattle slurry had different effects on the bacterial community structure and microbial activity in the three soils. However, the effects of biogas residues on microbial activities were comparable in magnitude to those of cattle slurry and the bacterial community structure was less affected. Therefore, we do not see any reason not to recommend using biogas residues as fertilizers based on the results presented.     

乌拉特前旗防治光肩星天牛措施的效果对比研究

通过对乌拉特前旗常用的几种光肩星天牛防治措施进行对比,分析各种防治措施的优缺点,物理措施的防治效果明显,但费时费力,且工作效率不高;化学措施操作简单,防治效果比较理想,但容易对环境造成污染。文章提出了对光肩星天牛的防治应以人工招引大斑啄木鸟的生物控制措施为主、其他防治措施为辅的综合治理的方法,在使用化学措施和人工物理措施防治光肩星天牛的同时,要更多采用生物防治和生态调控技术。     

打孔注菌防治光肩星天牛试验研究

用杨、柳、榆树的树皮和木质部浸出液为营养对球孢白僵菌进行生长试验,结果证明球孢白僵菌在3种树木的树皮和木质部的浸出液中都可生长;相同条件下,在树皮中比木质部中产量高,杨树树皮是木质部的3.37倍,柳树是4.73倍,榆树是3.86倍。林间试验证明打孔注菌可以防治光肩星天牛幼虫,含菌量4亿/mL～8亿/mL,每株注150 ...     

乳饮料中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠的高效液相色谱法测定

本文建立了乳饮料中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠的高效液相色谱测定方法,该方法样品前处理简单、快速,适合于批量样品测定。方法回收率分别为苯甲酸97.8%、山梨酸98.1%、糖精钠98.7%,变异系数分别为苯甲酸2.2%、山梨酸1.9%、糖精钠1.4%。     

两种杨树防护林减少土壤蒸发作用的对比研究

本文采用热平衡法对河套灌区林龄相同、林带布设方式相同的两种杨树防护林林网内外的土壤日蒸发量进行平行观测,探讨两种防护林减少土壤蒸发的差异性。结论为:小美旱杨防护林在减少林网内空气温度、增大空气湿度、减小近地表风速等方面均优于同龄的新疆杨防护林,使小美旱杨防护林减少土壤蒸发作用优于新疆杨防护林。     

编辑好手机报的五点经验

以《巴彦淖尔市招商时讯》为例,总结了手机报两年多来的编辑经验,概括起来就是五字要诀——简、活、真、快、强。     

高淀粉玉米杂交种巴单29的选育

高产、专用玉米品种巴单29(巴玉06-173)组合为巴系0431×巴引03-11。经院内品比、内蒙古自治区区域试验、生产试验和品质分析结果,该品种的主要特点是高产、专用、抗病、适应性强、生育期适中、制种产量高。2011年5月通过内蒙古自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:蒙审玉2011004。     

河套地区复种的可行性及技术研究

文章分析了巴彦淖尔市种植业生产情况和复种的可行性,结合目前的研究成果,认为在当前生产形势下,发展复种是破解农民增收难题途径之一;指出了目前发展复种需解决的技术问题和研究方向。